Gang-Related Legislation by Subject
(Laws updated through July 2020)
Bail, Pretrial, Conditional Release, or Conditional Dismissal
Civil and Administrative Actions
Correctional Facilities and Jails
Criminal Intelligence Information and Systems (including Gang Databases)
Definition Related to Gang Criminality
Foster Care and Alternative Placement (Juveniles)
Penalties (including Sentencing Enhancement), Fines, and Damage
Prevention, Reduction, and Suppression
Probation, Parole, and Release
Racketeering, Money Laundering, Criminal Enterprise, and Criminal Profiteering
Recruitment, Threats, Intimidation
Jurisdictions for this subject:
18 U.S.C. § 521. Criminal street gangs.
18 U.S.C. § 3632. Development of risk and needs assessment system.
18 U.S.C. App. § 3B1.1. Aggravating Role.
18 U.S.C. App. § 5K2.18. Violent Street Gangs (Policy Statement).
View all subjects in this jurisdiction
To access United States Code, visit https://www.govinfo.gov/app/collection/uscode
To access Code of Federal Regulations, visit https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/ECFR
Alaska Stat. § 11.41.110. Murder in the second degree.
Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-706. Serious, violent or aggravated offenders; sentencing; life imprisonment; definitions.
Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-714. Offenses committed with intent to promote, further or assist a criminal street gang.
Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-2308. Participating in or assisting a criminal syndicate; classification.
Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-2321. Participating in or assisting a criminal street gang; classification.
Ark. Code § 5-74-104. Engaging in a continuing criminal gang, organization, or enterprise.
Ark. Code § 5-74-108. Engaging in violent criminal group activity.
Ark. Code § 12-12-104. Physical evidence in sex offense or violent offense prosecutions -- Retention and disposition -- Definitions.
Cal. Gov't. Code § 7282.5 (Westlaw). ["Cooperation with immigration authorities; certain activities relating to immigration enforcement; conditions"]
Cal. Gov't. Code § 13962 (Westlaw). ["Board publication of program availability; duties of local law enforcement agencies; training and outreach duties of board; required affirmations regarding program availability for gang members and suspected gang members; required affirmations regarding program availability regardless of documentation or immigration status"]
Cal. Pen. Code § 182.5 (LexisNexis). ["Punishment for active participation in criminal street gang"]
Cal. Pen. Code § 186.22 (LexisNexis {Repealed effective January 1, 2022}). ["Street gang"]
Cal. Pen. Code § 186.26 (LexisNexis). ["Penalty for soliciting or recruiting participation in criminal street gang; Threats of physical violence; Additional penalty for soliciting minor"]
Cal. Pen. Code § 190.2 (LexisNexis). ["Penalty on finding special circumstances"]
Cal. Pen. Code § 12022.53 (LexisNexis). ["Use of firearm in commission of felony; Discharge; Injury"]
Cal. Pen. Code § 13825.4 (Westlaw). ["Utilization of funds by community-based organization and nonprofit agencies; prevention and intervention efforts"]
Cal. Pen. Code § 13826.3 (LexisNexis {Operation contingent}). ["Individuals subject to gang violence prosecution efforts"]
Cal. Pen. Code § 19200 (LexisNexis). ["Possession of handgrenade; Punishment"]
Cal. Pen. Code § 25400 (LexisNexis). ["Carrying concealed firearm; Carrying firearm openly in belt holster; Punishment"]
Cal. Pen. Code § 27590 (LexisNexis). ["Punishment for violation of article"]
Cal. Pen. Code § 30305 (LexisNexis). ["Persons prohibited from owning or possessing firearm prohibited from owning, possessing, or controlling ammunition"]
Cal. Wel. & Inst. Code § 11462.01 (LexisNexis). ["Contract for short-term residential therapeutic programs"]
Cal. Wel. &. Inst. Code § 676 (LexisNexis). ["Exclusion of public; Confidentiality regarding minor’s name"]
Cal. Wel. &. Inst. Code § 746 (LexisNexis). ["Selection of minors to participate in program; Factors"]
Colo. Rev. Stat. § 22-7-604.5 (LexisNexis). ["Alternative education campuses - criteria - application - rule-making - definition"]
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10-233c. Suspension of pupils.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10-233d. Expulsion of pupils.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 53-395. Prohibited activities.
Del. Code tit. 11, § 616. Gang participation.
D.C. Code § 4-508. Disqualifications and reductions.
D.C. Code § 22-951. Criminal street gangs.
Fla. Stat. § 823.05. Places and groups engaged in criminal gang-related activity declared a nuisance; massage establishments engaged in prohibited activity; may be abated and enjoined.
Fla. Stat. § 874.10. Directing the activities of a criminal gang.
Fla. Stat. § 874.11. Electronic communication.
Fla. Stat. § 895.02. Definitions. [Offenses Concerning Racketeering and Illegal Debts]
Fla. Stat. § 921.0022. Criminal Punishment Code; offense severity ranking chart.
Ga. Code Ann. § 15-11-2. (LexisNexis). ["Definitions:" Juvenile Code/General Provisions]
Ga. Code Ann. § 15-11-505 (LexisNexis). ["Use of detention assessments to determine if detention is warranted; "serious delinquent act" defined"]
Ga. Code Ann. § 16-15-4 (LexisNexis). ["Participation in criminal gang activity prohibited"]
Ga. Code Ann. § 16-15-6 (LexisNexis). ["Local ordinances not preempted by state law"]
Ga. Code Ann. § 17-6-1. (LexisNexis). ["Where offenses bailable; procedure; schedule of bails; appeal bonds"]
Ga. Code Ann. § 42-9-42. (LexisNexis). ["Procedure for granting relief from sentence; conditions and prerequisites; public access to information; violation of parole"]
225 Ill. Comp. Stat. § 10/4.2 (Westlaw). ["License; employment at facility; residence in facility; eligibility]
625 Ill. Comp. Stat. § 5/6-205. Mandatory revocation of license or permit; hardship cases.
705 Ill. Comp. Stat. § 405/1-7. Confidentiality of law enforcement and municipal ordinance violation records.
705 Ill. Comp. Stat. § 405/1-8. Confidentiality and accessibility of juvenile court records.
705 Ill. Comp. Stat. § 405/5-615. Continuance under supervision.
705 Ill. Comp. Stat. § 405/5-710. Kinds of sentencing orders. [Juvenile Court Act of 1987]
705 Ill. Comp. Stat. § 405/5-805. Transfer of jurisdiction.
720 Ill. Comp. Stat. § 5/14-3. Exemptions. [Eavesdropping]
720 Ill. Comp. Stat. § 5/16-30. Identity theft; aggravated identity theft.
720 Ill. Comp. Stat. § 5/25-5. Unlawful participation in street gang related activity.
720 Ill. Comp. Stat. § 570/405.2. Street gang criminal drug conspiracy.
725 Ill. Comp. Stat. § 5/110-5. Determining the amount of bail and conditions of release.
730 Ill. Comp. Stat. § 5/3-2-2. Powers and duties of the Department.
730 Ill. Comp. Stat. § 5/3-3-7. Conditions of parole or mandatory supervised release.
730 Ill. Comp. Stat. § 5/3-5-1. Master Record File.
730 Ill. Comp. Stat. § 5/3-6-3. Rules and regulations for sentence credit.
730 Ill. Comp. Stat. § 5/3-7-2. Facilities.
730 Ill. Comp. Stat. § 5/5-5-3.2. Factors in aggravation and extended-term sentencing.
730 Ill. Comp. Stat. § 5/5-6-3.1. Incidents and conditions of supervision.
Ind. Code § 34-31-4-2. Child participation in criminal organization activity.
Ind. Code § 35-31.5-2-27.4. Benefit, promote, or further the interests of a criminal organization.
Ind. Code § 35-31.5-2-264.5. Purpose of increasing a person's own standing or position within a criminal organization.
Ind. Code § 35-45-9-3. Participation in criminal organization; offense.
Iowa Code § 657.2. What deemed nuisances.
Iowa Code § 723A.2. Criminal gang participation.
Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 506.160. Minimum service of sentence required if convicted defendant was member of criminal gang acting for the purpose of benefitting, promoting, or furthering the interest of criminal gang.
Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 506.170. Enhancement of penalty and minimum service of sentence for conviction of criminal gang-related felonies resulting in risk of physical injury, serious physical injury, or death -- Application to juveniles and persistent felony offenders.
La. Stat. Ann. § 15:1403. Criminal street gangs and patterns of criminal street gang activity; prohibitions and criminal penalties.
Md. Code, Crim. Law § 9-801. Definitions, as amended by 2020 Md. Laws CH. 422 (H.B. 1083).
Md. Code, Crim. Law § 9-804. Participation in criminal gang prohibited.
Md. Code, Crim. Law § 9-805. Criminal gang.
Md. Code, Ed. Law § 7-303 (Westlaw), as amended by 2020 Md. Laws Ch. 422 (H.B. 1083). ["Arrest of students and reportable offenses"]
Mich. Comp. Laws § 750.411u. Associate or member of gang; commission or attempt to commit felony; membership in gang as motive, means, or opportunity; penalty; definitions; consecutive sentence.
Mich. Comp. Laws § 777.16t. MCL 750.409b to 750.411x(5); Felonies to which chapter applicable.
Minn. Stat. § 245C.15. Disqualifying crimes or conduct.
Minn. Stat. § 245C.24. Disqualification; Bar to Set Aside a Disqualification; Request for Variance.
Minn. Stat. § 609.229. Crime Committed for the Benefit of Gang.
Minn. Stat. § 624.712. Definitions. [Firearms]
Miss. Code Ann. § 97-44-19. Penalty for criminal street gang activity.
Mo. Rev. Stat. § 578.423. Participating Knowingly in Criminal Street Gang Activities, Penalty—Persons Between Ages of Fourteen and Seventeen Participating to be Transferred to Courts of General Jurisdiction.
Mo. Rev. Stat. § 578.425. Felony or misdemeanors committed to promote or assist criminal conduct by gang members, punishment in addition to regular sentences.
Mo. Rev. Stat. 578.425. Felony committed to promote or assist criminal conduct by gang members, punishment in addition to regular sentences.
Mont. Code Ann. § 45-8-404. Additional Sentence for Criminal Street Gang-Related Felony.
Nev. Rev. Stat. § 193.168. Additional Penalty: Felony Committed to Promote Activities of Criminal Gang; Restriction on Probation; Expert Testimony.
Nev. Rev. Stat. § 202.450. Definitions. [Crimes against public health and safety]
N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 644:20. Criminal Street Gang; Solicitation.
N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 651:6. Extended Term of Imprisonment.
N.J. Rev. Stat. § 2C:33-28. Solicitation, Recruitment to Join Criminal Street Gang; Crime, Degrees, Sentencing.
N.J. Rev. Stat. § 2C:33-29. Crime of gang criminality; "criminal street gang" defined; grading of offense.
N.J. Rev. Stat. § 2C:39-7. Certain persons not to have weapons or ammunition.
N.J. Rev. Stat. § 24:6I-22. System for tracking cultivating, manufacturing, transfer, dispensing, delivery.
N.Y. CLS Pen. § 70.02. Sentence of imprisonment for a violent felony offense.
N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7B-2508.1. Criminal gang activity.
N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1340.16E. Enhanced sentence for offenses committed by criminal gang members as a part of criminal gang activity.
N.D. Cent. Code § 12.1-06-04. Criminal Conspiracy.
N.D. Cent. Code § 12.1-06.2-01. Definitions. [Criminal Street Gangs]
Ohio Rev. Code § 2923.42. Participating in criminal gang.
Ohio Rev. Code § 2923.44. Criminal forfeiture of property relating to gang participation.
Ohio Rev. Code § 2941.142. Criminal gang participation specification.
Okla. Stat. tit. 21, § 856.3. Gang-Related Offenses as Condition of Membership in Criminal Street Gang - Penalty.
Okla. Stat. tit. 70, § 5-146.1. School Employees—Notification of Suspected Gang Activity.
Or. Rev. Stat. § 417.270. Policy on equal access; documentation of expenditure for males and females; identification of disparities; equal access plan.
204 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 303.9. Guideline sentence recommendation: general.
42 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 9720.4. Sentencing for Offenses Committed in Association With a Criminal Gang.
S.C. Code Ann. § 14-7-1630. Jurisdiction of Juries; Petitions to Impanel Juries; Powers and Duties of Impaneling and Presiding Judges; Effective Date and Notice Requirements With Respect to Orders of Judge; Appeals.
Tenn. Code Ann. § 49-6-4215. Criminal Gang Activity; Rules.
Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 125.061. Definitions. [Membership in Criminal Street Gang]
Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Art. 42.0197. Finding Regarding Gang-Related Conduct. [Judgment and Sentence]
Tex. Fam. Code § 54.0491. Gang-Related Conduct.
Tex. Pen. Code § 71.02. Engaging in Organized Criminal Activity.
Tex. Pen. Code § 71.023. Directing Activities of Criminal Street Gangs.
Tex. Transp. Code § 521.4565. Conspiring to Manufacture Counterfeit License or Certificate.
Utah Code § 62A-15-1102. Study on gun use—Report.
Utah Code § 76-3-203.1. Offenses Committed in Concert With Two or More Persons or in Relation to a Criminal Street Gang—Notice—Enhanced Penalties.
Utah Code § 76-9-802. Definitions. [Criminal Street Gang Penalties]
Utah Code § 76-9-903. Gang Loitering—Failure to Disperse—Penalties.
Va. Code Ann. § 15.2-1812.2. Willful and Malicious Damage to or Defacement of Public or Private Facilities; Penalty.
Va. Code Ann. § 16.1-260. Intake; Petition; Investigation.
Va. Code Ann. § 16.1-269.2. Admissibility of Statement; Investigation and Report; Bail.
Va. Code Ann. § 16.1-273. Court may require investigation of social history and preparation of victim impact statement.
Va. Code Ann. § 16.1-309.1. Exception as To Confidentiality.
Va. Code Ann. § 16.1-330.1. Serious or Habitual Offender Comprehensive Action Program; definition; disclosure of information; penalty.
Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-46.1. Definitions. [Crimes by Gangs]
Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-46.2. Prohibited Criminal Street Gang Participation; Penalty.
Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-55.1. Hazing of Youth Gang Members Unlawful; Criminal Liability.
Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-248. Manufacturing, selling, giving, distributing, or possessing with intent to manufacture, sell, give, or distribute a controlled substance or an imitation controlled substance prohibited; penalties.
Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-514. Racketeering Offenses.
VA. Code Ann. § 19.2-299. Investigations and reports by probation officers in certain cases.
Va. Code Ann. § 53.1-10. Powers and Duties of the Director.
Va. Code Ann. § 53.1-35.2. Visitation of certain prisoners by minor dependents.
Va. Code Ann. § 63.2-209.1. Office of New Americans.
Wash. Rev. Code § 9.94A.533. Adjustments to standard sentences.
Wash. Rev. Code § 9.94A.535. Departures from Guidelines.
Wash. Rev. Code § 13.40.193. Firearms—Length of confinement (Effective June 11, 2020).
Wash. Rev. Code § 13.40.210. Setting of release date--Administrative release authorized, when--Parole program, revocation or modification of, scope--Intensive supervision program--Parole officer's right of arrest.
Wash. Rev. Code § 28A.225.225. Applications From School Employees' Children, Nonresident Students, or Students Receiving Home-Based Instruction to Attend District School—Acceptance and Rejection Standards—Notification.
Wash. Rev. Code § 28A.600.455. Gang Activity—Suspension or Expulsion.
Wash. Rev. Code § 72,05.425. Student records and information -- Necessary for risk assessment, security classification, and proper placement.